Log in Subscribe

Methods and Results Patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack were enrolled from the concentrations at baseline were measured in 9793 participants using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Gustafsson Cotton
· 3 min read
Methods and Results Patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack were enrolled from the concentrations at baseline were measured in 9793 participants using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

The primary outcome was a new stroke within 1 year. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were calculated using Cox regression models to investigate the associations of TMAO and choline with stroke recurrence. Among all patients, elevated TMAO and choline levels were associated with an increased risk of recurrent stroke (adjusted hazard ratios, 28 [95% CI, 12-45]; and 50 [95% CI, 32-71], respectively). Moreover, elevated TMAO and choline levels were associated with an increased risk of recurrent stroke among patients who received dual-antiplatelet therapy (65 [95% CI, 28-13]; and 70 [95% CI, 32-19], respectively), intensive lipid-lowering therapy (49 [95% CI, 15-94]; and 49 [95% CI, 15-92], respectively), with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein <2 mg/L (39 [95% CI, 14-69]; and 88 [95% CI, 53-30], respectively), and concurrently received dual-antiplatelet therapy, intensive lipid-lowering therapy and with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein <2 mg/L (57 [95% CI, 73-38]; and 19 [95% CI, 16-16], respectively). Conclusions TMAO and choline were risk factors for recurrent stroke independent of dual-antiplatelet therapy, intensive lipid-lowering therapy at discharge, and low inflammation on admission. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the HIV care continuum for persons living with or at risk of living with HIV.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the self-management and care of people living with HIV. Self-regulation to acquire recurring treatment for HIV is essential for managing symptoms as well as viral suppression. Therefore, this review will systematically appraise and synthesize primary literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all phases of the HCC for people living with, or at risk of acquiring, HIV. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This systematic review will include quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies. The search will be limited to studies reporting findings from March Selected studies must focus on one or more steps of the HIV care continuum, which are diagnosis of HIV infection, linkage to care, retention in care, adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and viral suppression. There are no age, gender, or geographic location restrictions for this review. Studies that examined the impact on other diseases as well as HIV will be included only if the data for HIV can be extracted separately.

METHODS:  chitosan supplement benefits  for convergent integrated mixed methods systematic reviews will guide this review. The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), CAB Direct, and Embase. Articles will be screened by 2 independent reviewers. In the case of a disagreement between reviewers, a third independent reviewer will resolve the conflict. Articles will be appraised for methodological quality and their data extracted using an original extraction tool created for the study's purpose. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD Associated With Blood Pressure and Kidney Function. BACKGROUND: The epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) is intrinsically linked to fluid volume homeostasis and blood pressure.

Specific rare mutations in SCNN1A, SCNN1B, and SCNN1G, genes encoding the α, β, and γ subunits of ENaC, respectively, are associated with extreme blood pressure phenotypes. No associations between blood pressure and SCNN1D, which encodes the δ subunit of ENaC, have been reported. A small number of sequence variants in ENaC subunits have been reported to affect functional transport in vitro or blood pressure.  chitosan uses  of the vast majority of rare and low-frequency ENaC variants on blood pressure are not known. METHODS: We explored the association of low frequency and rare variants in the genes encoding ENaC subunits, with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure. Using whole-genome sequencing data from 14 studies participating in the Trans-Omics in Precision Medicine Whole-Genome Sequencing Program, and sequence kernel association tests. RESULTS: We found that variants in SCNN1A and SCNN1B were associated with diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure (P<00625).

Although SCNN1D is poorly expressed in human kidney tissue, SCNN1D variants were associated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure (P<00625). ENaC variants in 2 of the 4 subunits (SCNN1B and SCNN1D) were also associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (P<00625), but not with stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that variants in extrarenal ENaCs, in addition to ENaCs expressed in kidneys, influence blood pressure and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., T.K.N.

, X.S.). School of Public Health, Providence, RI (S.T.M., T.

N.). Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., T.K.N.

, X.S.). BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acute illness with malnutrition is a common indication for hospitalization among children in low- and middle-income countries.